【简介】纽芬兰犬是一种性情甜蜜的狗，即不笨拙，也没有坏脾气。他是一个深情的伴侣。纽芬兰犬是一种多用途的狗，在家里，在陆地上或在水里，他被设计成有工作能力并有天生的救命能力。纽芬兰犬拥有夸张的、沉重的被毛，非常和谐，身躯深，骨骼沉重，肌肉发达且非常结实。一条好的纽芬兰犬会高贵地、自豪地昂着头。下面描述的特征勾画了一个理想的纽芬兰犬，任何与之背离的情况，将根据背离的程度进行扣分。虽然这里没有明确指出，但是除了上面提到的那些缺陷，一些适用于所有犬种的明显的身体结构及运动方面的缺陷也适用于纽芬兰犬的评判。
【体型】成年雄性的平均肩高为28英寸；成年雌性的平均肩高为26英寸。成年雄性的体重约130~150磅；成年雌性的体重约为100~120磅。雄性的外观显得比雌性魁梧。尺寸越大越好，但不能以牺牲平衡、结构及正确的步态为代价。纽芬兰犬的长度（从肩到臀）略大于高度（马肩隆到地面）。纽芬兰犬拥有相当多的体质，肋骨扩张良好，坚实的肌肉和沉重的骨骼。
【头部】头部魁梧，脑袋宽阔。脑袋：略有拱顶，后枕骨非常发达。面颊清晰。眼睛：深褐色（褐色或灰色的浅色眼睛将根据其对表情的影响程度而扣分），眼睛相对小，位置深，距离相当远，眼睑紧贴眼球，无倒卷。耳朵：相对小，三角形，尖端略圆，位于头顶平面或略高与眉毛，藏在头部。使耳朵向前，能延伸到同侧外眼角。表情：柔和而反映出这一品种独有的特点：仁爱、聪明且高贵。前额和脸部平滑、无皱纹。止部的斜度适中，但由于眉骨发达，使其在轮廓上看起来显得突然。口吻：末端整齐，整个口吻都很宽，且深。深度和长度大致相等。从鼻镜到止部的长度略小于从止部到后枕骨。口吻上部圆，鼻梁的轮廓直而略拱。咬和：为剪刀状咬和或钳状咬和。下颚门牙如果是其他正常咬和，则不表示咬和不正，并属于小缺陷。
【颈部、背线、身躯】颈部：结实，位于肩部前端，长度足够使头部能自豪的昂起。背部：结实、宽、肌肉发达，从马肩隆后方到臀部保持水平。胸部丰满、深，胸底深度延伸到肘部。肋骨扩张良好，前三分之一的肋骨略微收缩，不妨碍肘部运动。腰窝深。臀部宽，略斜。尾巴：尾巴呈臀部的自然延伸线。尾根部宽而结实。尾巴无扭曲，末端尾骨延伸到飞节。当狗轻松站立时，尾巴笔直下垂，末端允许略微卷曲。当狗运动时或兴奋时，尾巴上举，但不允许卷曲到背后。
【前躯】肩部肌肉发达且向后倾斜，肘部正好在马肩隆最高点正下方。前肢肌肉发达，骨量充足，直且彼此平行，肘尖笔直向后。肘部到地面的距离等于肩高的一半。脚腕结实，略倾斜。足爪大小与整体的比例匀称，有蹼，猫足。狼爪切除。
【后躯】后半部分非常有力、肌肉发达、骨量非常充足。从后面观察，后腿直且彼此平行。从侧面观察，大腿宽而且相当长。膝关节和飞节角度恰当，飞节以下部位垂直于地面。飞节尽量低一些，后足爪与前肢足爪类似，狼爪需要切除。
【被毛】成年纽芬兰犬拥有平顺、防水的双层被毛，在任何位置逆向梳理都会落下。外层披毛粗硬、中等长度、丰满、毛发直或波浪状。底毛柔软浓密，虽然在夏季或炎热季节里，底毛会减少。脸部、口吻的毛发短而细。腿后面有羽状饰毛。尾巴上的毛发长而浓密。多余的毛发可以修剪掉，保持整洁，但胡须不能修剪。
【颜色】相对结构、稳固性来说，颜色是次要的。纽芬兰犬允许的颜色为：黑色、棕色、灰色及黑白双色。单一颜色：黑色、棕色、或灰色，看起来应该是纯色或纯色在下列部位（部分或全部）带有白色：下巴、胸部、脚趾和尾巴尖。所有这些位置出现白色是典型的，不算缺陷。此外，黑色、灰色被毛出现浅青铜色或棕色、灰色出现浅色装饰都属于典型的颜色。兰西尔色：白色为底色，带有黑色条纹。典型情况是头部为纯黑色、或黑色带有白色口吻（有没有白筋都可以）。有单独的黑色鞍状斑块，黑色臀部且黑色延伸到白色尾巴。斑纹，出现在单一颜色或兰西尔色中，可能背离上面的描述，这种情况属于缺陷，并需要根据背离的程度扣分。纯净的白色或白色带很少的杂色是允许的。但只有在其他品质都完全一样的前提下，才比较斑纹和颜色，但决不能因为漂亮的斑纹而牺牲类型、结构、稳固性等重要因素。失格：除了上面明确描述的颜色外的其他颜色或颜色组合。
【步态】纽芬兰犬的动作具有良好的伸展性和强大的驱动力。给人以毫不费力的印象。他的步态平顺且有节奏。能适应最多不同类型的地形，并用最少的步数。前后肢笔直向前。当速度增加时，足迹趋向于同一轨迹。运动中，皮肤轻微的晃动是这一品种所特有的。正确的前后躯结构及角度才能产生正确的步态。
【气质】甜蜜可爱是纽芬兰犬的特点，而且是这一品种唯一的非常重要的性格特质。
【失格】除了上面明确描述的颜色外的其他颜色或颜色组合。
标准通过日期：1990年5月 8日
标准执行日期：1990年6月28日
【英文原文】
General Appearance
The Newfoundland is a sweet-dispositioned dog that acts neither dull nor ill-tempered. He is a devoted companion. A multipurpose dog, at home on land and in water, the Newfoundland is capable of draft work and possesses natural lifesaving abilities.
The Newfoundland is a large, heavily coated, well balanced dog that is deep-bodied, heavily boned, muscular, and strong. A good specimen of the breed has dignity and proud head carriage.
The following description is that of the ideal Newfoundland. Any deviation from this ideal is to be penalized to the extent of the deviation. Structural and movement faults common to all working dogs are as undesirable in the Newfoundland as in any other breed, even though they are not specifically mentioned herein.
Size, Proportion, Substance
Average height for adult dogs is 28 inches(71cm), for adult bitches, 26 inches.(66cm) Approximate weight of adult dogs ranges from 130 to 150 pounds(59kg to 68kg), adult bitches from 100 to 120 pounds. The dog's appearance is more massive throughout than the bitch's. Large size is desirable, but never at the expense of balance, structure, and correct gait. The Newfoundland is slightly longer than tall when measured from the point of shoulder to point of buttocks and from withers to ground. He is a dog of considerable substance which is determined by spring of rib, strong muscle, and heavy bone.
Head
The head is massive, with a broad skull, slightly arched crown, and strongly developed occipital bone. Cheeks are well developed. Eyes are dark brown. (Browns and Grays may have lighter eyes and should be penalized only to the extent that color affects expression.) They are relatively small, deep-set, and spaced wide apart. Eyelids fit closely with no inversion. Ears are relatively small and triangular with rounded tips. They are set on the skull level with, or slightly above, the brow and lie close to the head. When the ear is brought forward, it reaches to the inner corner of the eye on the same side. Expression is soft and reflects the characteristics of the breed: benevolence, intelligence, and dignity.
Forehead and face are smooth and free of wrinkles. Slope of the stop is moderate but, because of the well developed brow, it may appear abrupt in profile. The muzzle is clean-cut, broad throughout its length, and deep. Depth and length are approximately equal, the length from tip of nose to stop being less than that from stop to occiput. The top of the muzzle is rounded, and the bridge, in profile, is straight or only slightly arched. Teeth meet in a scissors or level bite. Dropped lower incisors, in an otherwise normal bite, are not indicative of a skeletal malocclusion and should be considered only a minor deviation.
Neck, Topline, Body
The neck is strong and well set on the shoulders and is long enough for proud head carriage. The back is strong, broad, and muscular and is level from just behind the withers to the croup. The chest is full and deep with the brisket reaching at least down to the elbows. Ribs are well sprung, with the anterior third of the rib cage tapered to allow elbow clearance. The flank is deep. The croup is broad and slopes slightly. Tail-Tail set follows the natural line of the croup. The tail is broad at the base and strong. It has no kinks, and the distal bone reaches to the hock. When the dog is standing relaxed, its tail hangs straight or with a slight curve at the end. When the dog is in motion or excited, the tail is carried out, but it does not curl over the back.
Forequarters
Shoulders are muscular and well laid back. Elbows lie directly below the highest point of the withers. Forelegs are muscular, heavily boned, straight, and parallel to each other, and the elbows point directly to the rear. The distance from elbow to ground equals about half the dog's height. Pasterns are strong and slightly sloping. Feet are proportionate to the body in size, webbed, and cat foot in type. Dewclaws may be removed.
Hindquarters
The rear assembly is powerful, muscular, and heavily boned. Viewed from the rear, the legs are straight and parallel. Viewed from the side, the thighs are broad and fairly long. Stifles and hocks are well bent and the line from hock to ground is perpendicular. Hocks are well let down. Hind feet are similar to the front feet. Dewclaws should be removed.
Coat
The adult Newfoundland has a flat, water-resistant, double coat that tends to fall back into place when rubbed against the nap. The outer coat is coarse, moderately long, and full, either straight or with a wave. The undercoat is soft and dense, although it is often less dense during the summer months or in warmer climates. Hair on the face and muzzle is short and fine. The backs of the legs are feathered all the way down. The tail is covered with long dense hair.
Excess hair may be trimmed for neatness. Whiskers need not be trimmed.
Color
Color is secondary to type, structure, and soundness.
Recognized Newfoundland colors are black, brown, gray, and white and black.
Solid Colors-Blacks, Browns, and Grays may appear as solid colors or solid colors with white at any, some, or all, of the following locations: chin, chest, toes, and tip of tail. Any amount of white found at these locations is typical and is not penalized. Also typical are a tinge of bronze on a black or gray coat and lighter furnishings on a brown or gray coat.
Landseer-White base coat with black markings. Typically, the head is solid black, or black with white on the muzzle, with or without a blaze. There is a separate black saddle and black on the rump extending onto a white tail.
Markings, on either Solid Colors or Landseers, might deviate considerably from those described and should be penalized only to the extent of the deviation. Clear white or white with minimal ticking is preferred.
Beauty of markings should be considered only when comparing dogs of otherwise comparable quality and never at the expense of type, structure and soundness.
Disqualifications
Any colors or combinations of colors not specifically described are disqualified.
Gait
The Newfoundland in motion has good reach, strong drive, and gives the impression of effortless power. His gait is smooth and rhythmic, covering the maximum amount of ground with the minimum number of steps. Forelegs and hind legs travel straight forward. As the dog's speed increases, the legs tend toward single tracking. When moving, a slight roll of the skin is characteristic of the breed. Essential to good movement is the balance of correct front and rear assemblies.
Temperament
Sweetness of temperament is the hallmark of the Newfoundland; this is the most important single characteristic of the breed.
Disqualifications
Any colors or combinations of colors not specifically described are disqualified.
Approved May 8, 1990
Effective June 28, 1990
[ 此贴被中国移不动在2008-03-02 17:40重新编辑 ]
